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Linux是一種免費(fèi)使用和自由傳播的類UNIX操作系統(tǒng),是一個基于POSIX的多用戶、多任務(wù)、支持多線程和多CPU的操作系統(tǒng),使用Linux能運(yùn)行主要的Unix工具軟件、應(yīng)用程序和網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議。
Mongo DB 是目前在IT行業(yè)非常流行的一種非關(guān)系型數(shù)據(jù)庫(NOSQL),其靈活的數(shù)據(jù)存儲方式備受當(dāng)前IT從業(yè)人員的青睞。Mongo DB很好的實(shí)現(xiàn)了面向?qū)ο蟮乃枷?OO思想),在Mongo DB中 每一條記錄都是一個Document對象。Mongo DB最大的優(yōu)勢在于所有的數(shù)據(jù)持久操作都無需開發(fā)人員手動編寫SQL語句,直接調(diào)用方法就可以輕松的實(shí)現(xiàn)CRUD操作。
一、安裝配置mongodb
Step 1: 設(shè)置系統(tǒng)環(huán)境及確保缺省端口27107可用
###當(dāng)前環(huán)境 # cat /etc/issue Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago) # vi /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled
Step 2: 下載安裝文件
下載地址: https://www.mongodb.org/downloads. 或者直接在命令提示符下使用curl命令下載 curl -O https://fastdl.mongodb.org/linux/mongodb-linux-x86_64-3.0.6.tgz
Step 3: 解壓下載的文件
# pwd /usr/local/src # tar -xvf mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6.gz ###注,本文直接從網(wǎng)站下載,所以文件為.gz
Step 4: 復(fù)制解壓文件到運(yùn)行目錄
# mkdir -p /var/lib/mongodb # cp -R -n /usr/local/src/mongodb-linux-x86_64-rhel62-3.0.6/. /var/lib/mongodb/
Step 5: 設(shè)置環(huán)境變量
e.g. export PATH=<mongodb-install-directory>/bin:$PATH # vi ~/.bash_profile export PATH=/var/lib/mongodb/bin:$PATH # source ~/.bash_profile
Step 6: 創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)目錄
# mkdir -p /data/mongodata
二、啟動及驗(yàn)證mongodb
###啟動mongo # mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata ###以下內(nèi)容為啟動后輸出的相關(guān)信息 2015-10-28T10:03:33.100+0800 I JOURNAL [initandlisten] journal dir=/data/mongodata/journal 2015-10-28T10:03:33.101+0800 I JOURNAL [initandlisten] recover : no journal files present, no recovery needed 2015-10-28T10:03:33.264+0800 I JOURNAL [initandlisten] preallocateIsFaster=true 2.18 2015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL [durability] Durability thread started 2015-10-28T10:03:33.398+0800 I JOURNAL [journal writer] Journal writer thread started 2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] MongoDB starting : pid=10191 port=27017 dbpath=/data/mongodata 64-bit host=java_2 2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended. 2015-10-28T10:03:33.401+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled is 'always'. 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag is 'always'. 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** We suggest setting it to 'never' 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] db version v3.0.6 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] build info: Linux ip-10-67-194-123 2.6.32-220.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Wed Nov 9 08:03:13 EST 2011 x86_64 BOOST_LIB_VERSION=1_49 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] allocator: tcmalloc 2015-10-28T10:03:33.402+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] options: { storage: { dbPath: "/data/mongodata" } } 2015-10-28T10:03:33.404+0800 I INDEX [initandlisten] allocating new ns file /data/mongodata/local.ns, filling with zeroes... 2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] allocating new datafile /data/mongodata/local.0, filling with zeroes... 2015-10-28T10:03:33.491+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] creating directory /data/mongodata/_tmp 2015-10-28T10:03:33.497+0800 I STORAGE [FileAllocator] done allocating datafile /data/mongodata/local.0, size: 64MB, took 0.001 secs 2015-10-28T10:03:33.511+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017 ###停止mongo,直接使用ctrl + c ^C2015-10-28T10:09:21.510+0800 I CONTROL [signalProcessingThread] got signal 2 (Interrupt), will terminate after current cmd ends 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I CONTROL [signalProcessingThread] now exiting 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close listening sockets... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 5 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] closing listening socket: 6 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] removing socket file: /tmp/mongodb-27017.sock 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to flush diaglog... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.511+0800 I NETWORK [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: going to close sockets... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: final commit... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL [signalProcessingThread] journalCleanup... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.512+0800 I JOURNAL [signalProcessingThread] removeJournalFiles 2015-10-28T10:09:21.515+0800 I JOURNAL [signalProcessingThread] Terminating durability thread ... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL [journal writer] Journal writer thread stopped 2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I JOURNAL [durability] Durability thread stopped 2015-10-28T10:09:21.615+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: closing all files... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] closeAllFiles() finished 2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I STORAGE [signalProcessingThread] shutdown: removing fs lock... 2015-10-28T10:09:21.618+0800 I CONTROL [signalProcessingThread] dbexit: rc: 0 ###修復(fù)啟動過程中的兩個警告,關(guān)于使用root用戶啟動mongo的警告先忽略 # echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled # echo "never" > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag ###再次重啟,后置于后臺進(jìn)程, # mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata & ###查看啟動后的進(jìn)程 # ps -ef|grep mongo |grep -v grep root 11115 27956 0 10:11 pts/2 00:00:00 mongod --dbpath /data/mongodata # lsof -i:27017 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME mongod 11115 root 5u IPv4 50567119 0t0 TCP *:27017 (LISTEN) ###使用mongo連接到mongod # mongo MongoDB shell version: 3.0.6 connecting to: test 2015-10-28T10:14:30.685+0800 I NETWORK [initandlisten] connection accepted from 127.0.0.1:53907 #1 (1 connection now open) Server has startup warnings: 2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] ** WARNING: You are running this process as the root user, which is not recommended. 2015-10-28T10:11:49.217+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten] > help db.help() help on db methods db.mycoll.help() help on collection methods sh.help() sharding helpers rs.help() replica set helpers help admin administrative help help connect connecting to a db help help keys key shortcuts help misc misc things to know help mr mapreduce show dbs show database names show collections show collections in current database show users show users in current database show profile show most recent system.profile entries with time >= 1ms show logs show the accessible logger names show log [name] prints out the last segment of log in memory, 'global' is default use <db_name> set current database db.foo.find() list objects in collection foo db.foo.find( { a : 1 } ) list objects in foo where a == 1 it result of the last line evaluated; use to further iterate DBQuery.shellBatchSize = x set default number of items to display on shell exit quit the mongo shell > db.getCollection("version"); test.version > exit bye
三、mongodb相關(guān)工具
###在安裝文件下有README,描述了常用的mongodb相關(guān)命令行工具 # more /usr/local/mongodb/README MongoDB README Welcome to MongoDB! COMPONENTS bin/mongod - The database process. bin/mongos - Sharding controller. bin/mongo - The database shell (uses interactive javascript). UTILITIES bin/mongodump - MongoDB dump tool - for backups, snapshots, etc.. bin/mongorestore - MongoDB restore a dump bin/mongoexport - Export a single collection to test (JSON, CSV) bin/mongoimport - Import from JSON or CSV bin/mongofiles - Utility for putting and getting files from MongoDB GridFS bin/mongostat - Show performance statistics RUNNING For command line options invoke: $ ./mongod --help To run a single server database: $ mkdir /data/db $ ./mongod $ $ # The mongo javascript shell connects to localhost and test database by default: $ ./mongo > help DRIVERS Client drivers for most programming languages are available at mongodb.org. Use the shell ("mongo") for administrative tasks. ###獲取單個命令用法 # <command> --help # mongod --help|more Options: General options: -h [ --help ] show this usage information --version show version information # mongod --version db version v3.0.6 git version: 1ef45a23a4c5e3480ac919b28afcba3c615488f2
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