前言:
創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)是專業(yè)的嶺東網(wǎng)站建設公司,嶺東接單;提供成都做網(wǎng)站、網(wǎng)站設計,網(wǎng)頁設計,網(wǎng)站設計,建網(wǎng)站,PHP網(wǎng)站建設等專業(yè)做網(wǎng)站服務;采用PHP框架,可快速的進行嶺東網(wǎng)站開發(fā)網(wǎng)頁制作和功能擴展;專業(yè)做搜索引擎喜愛的網(wǎng)站,專業(yè)的做網(wǎng)站團隊,希望更多企業(yè)前來合作!
MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫中提供了很豐富的函數(shù),比如我們常用的聚合函數(shù),日期及字符串處理函數(shù)等。SELECT語句及其條件表達式都可以使用這些函數(shù),函數(shù)可以幫助用戶更加方便的處理表中的數(shù)據(jù),使MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫的功能更加強大。本篇文章主要為大家介紹幾類常用函數(shù)的用法。
聚合函數(shù)是平時比較常用的一類函數(shù),這里列舉如下:
數(shù)值型函數(shù)主要是對數(shù)值型數(shù)據(jù)進行處理,得到我們想要的結(jié)果,常用的幾個列舉如下,具體使用方法大家可以試試看。
一些示例:
# ABS()函數(shù)求絕對值
mysql> SELECT ABS(5),ABS(-2.4),ABS(-24),ABS(0);
+--------+-----------+----------+--------+
| ABS(5) | ABS(-2.4) | ABS(-24) | ABS(0) |
+--------+-----------+----------+--------+
| 5 | 2.4 | 24 | 0 |
+--------+-----------+----------+--------+
# 取整函數(shù) CEIL(x) 和 CEILING(x) 的意義相同,返回不小于 x 的最小整數(shù)值
mysql> SELECT CEIL(-2.5),CEILING(2.5);
+------------+--------------+
| CEIL(-2.5) | CEILING(2.5) |
+------------+--------------+
| -2 | 3 |
+------------+--------------+
# 求余函數(shù) MOD(x,y) 返回 x 被 y 除后的余數(shù)
mysql> SELECT MOD(63,8),MOD(120,10),MOD(15.5,3);
+-----------+-------------+-------------+
| MOD(63,8) | MOD(120,10) | MOD(15.5,3) |
+-----------+-------------+-------------+
| 7 | 0 | 0.5 |
+-----------+-------------+-------------+
# RAND() 函數(shù)被調(diào)用時,可以產(chǎn)生一個在 0 和 1 之間的隨機數(shù)
mysql> SELECT RAND(), RAND(), RAND();
+---------------------+--------------------+----------------------+
| RAND() | RAND() | RAND() |
+---------------------+--------------------+----------------------+
| 0.24996517063115273 | 0.9559759106077029 | 0.029984071878701515 |
+---------------------+--------------------+----------------------+
字符串函數(shù)可以對字符串類型數(shù)據(jù)進行處理,在程序應用中用處還是比較大的,同樣這里列舉幾個常用的如下:
一些示例:
# LENGTH(str) 函數(shù)的返回值為字符串的字節(jié)長度
mysql> SELECT LENGTH('name'),LENGTH('數(shù)據(jù)庫');
+----------------+---------------------+
| LENGTH('name') | LENGTH('數(shù)據(jù)庫') |
+----------------+---------------------+
| 4 | 9 |
+----------------+---------------------+
# CONCAT(sl,s2,...) 函數(shù)返回結(jié)果為連接參數(shù)產(chǎn)生的字符串 若有任何一個參數(shù)為 NULL,則返回值為 NULL
mysql> SELECT CONCAT('MySQL','5.7'),CONCAT('MySQL',NULL);
+-----------------------+----------------------+
| CONCAT('MySQL','5.7') | CONCAT('MySQL',NULL) |
+-----------------------+----------------------+
| MySQL5.7 | NULL |
+-----------------------+----------------------+
# INSERT(s1,x,len,s2) 返回字符串 s1,子字符串起始于 x 位置,并且用 len 個字符長的字符串代替 s2
mysql> SELECT INSERT('Football',2,4,'Play') AS col1,
-> INSERT('Football',-1,4,'Play') AS col2,
-> INSERT('Football',3,20,'Play') AS col3;
+----------+----------+--------+
| col1 | col2 | col3 |
+----------+----------+--------+
| FPlayall | Football | FoPlay |
+----------+----------+--------+
# UPPER,LOWER是大小寫轉(zhuǎn)換函數(shù)
mysql> SELECT LOWER('BLUE'),LOWER('Blue'),UPPER('green'),UPPER('Green');
+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+
| LOWER('BLUE') | LOWER('Blue') | UPPER('green') | UPPER('Green') |
+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+
| blue | blue | GREEN | GREEN |
+---------------+---------------+----------------+----------------+
# LEFT,RIGHT是截取左邊或右邊字符串函數(shù)
mysql> SELECT LEFT('MySQL',2),RIGHT('MySQL',3);
+-----------------+------------------+
| LEFT('MySQL',2) | RIGHT('MySQL',3) |
+-----------------+------------------+
| My | SQL |
+-----------------+------------------+
# REPLACE(s,s1,s2) 使用字符串 s2 替換字符串 s 中所有的字符串 s1
mysql> SELECT REPLACE('aaa.mysql.com','a','w');
+----------------------------------+
| REPLACE('aaa.mysql.com','a','w') |
+----------------------------------+
| www.mysql.com |
+----------------------------------+
# 函數(shù) SUBSTRING(s,n,len) 帶有 len 參數(shù)的格式,從字符串 s 返回一個長度同 len 字符相同的子字符串,起始于位置 n
mysql> SELECT SUBSTRING('computer',3) AS col1,
-> SUBSTRING('computer',3,4) AS col2,
-> SUBSTRING('computer',-3) AS col3,
-> SUBSTRING('computer',-5,3) AS col4;
+--------+------+------+------+
| col1 | col2 | col3 | col4 |
+--------+------+------+------+
| mputer | mput | ter | put |
+--------+------+------+------+
一些示例:
# CURDATE() 和 CURRENT_DATE() 函數(shù)的作用相同,將當前日期按照“YYYY-MM-DD”或“YYYYMMDD”格式的值返回
mysql> SELECT CURDATE(),CURRENT_DATE(),CURRENT_DATE()+0;
+------------+----------------+------------------+
| CURDATE() | CURRENT_DATE() | CURRENT_DATE()+0 |
+------------+----------------+------------------+
| 2019-10-22 | 2019-10-22 | 20191022 |
+------------+----------------+------------------+
# MONTH(date) 函數(shù)返回指定 date 對應的月份
mysql> SELECT MONTH('2017-12-15');
+---------------------+
| MONTH('2017-12-15') |
+---------------------+
| 12 |
+---------------------+
# DATE_ADD(date,INTERVAL expr type) 和 ADDDATE(date,INTERVAL expr type) 兩個函數(shù)的作用相同,都是用于執(zhí)行日期的加運算。
mysql> SELECT DATE_ADD('2018-10-31 23:59:59',INTERVAL 1 SECOND) AS C1,
-> DATE_ADD('2018-10-31 23:59:59',INTERVAL '1:1' MINUTE_SECOND) AS C2,
-> ADDDATE('2018-10-31 23:59:59',INTERVAL 1 SECOND) AS C3;
+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| C1 | C2 | C3 |
+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2018-11-01 00:00:00 | 2018-11-01 00:01:00 | 2018-11-01 00:00:00 |
+---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+
# DATEDIFF(date1,date2) 返回起始時間 date1 和結(jié)束時間 date2 之間的天數(shù)
mysql> SELECT DATEDIFF('2017-11-30','2017-11-29') AS COL1,
-> DATEDIFF('2017-11-30','2017-12-15') AS col2;
+------+------+
| COL1 | col2 |
+------+------+
| 1 | -15 |
+------+------+
# DATE_FORMAT(date,format) 函數(shù)是根據(jù) format 指定的格式顯示 date 值
mysql> SELECT DATE_FORMAT('2017-11-15 21:45:00','%W %M %D %Y') AS col1,
-> DATE_FORMAT('2017-11-15 21:45:00','%h:i% %p %M %D %Y') AS col2;
+------------------------------+----------------------------+
| col1 | col2 |
+------------------------------+----------------------------+
| Wednesday November 15th 2017 | 09:i PM November 15th 2017 |
+------------------------------+----------------------------+
流程控制類函數(shù)可以進行條件操作,用來實現(xiàn)SQL的條件邏輯,允許開發(fā)者將一些應用程序業(yè)務邏輯轉(zhuǎn)換到數(shù)據(jù)庫后臺,列舉如下:
一些示例:
# IF 語句允許根據(jù)表達式的某個條件或值結(jié)果來執(zhí)行一組 SQL 語句
mysql> SELECT IF(1<2,1,0) c1,IF(1>5,'√','×') c2,IF(STRCMP('abc','ab'),'yes','no') c3;
+----+----+-----+
| c1 | c2 | c3 |
+----+----+-----+
| 1 | × | yes |
+----+----+-----+
# IFNULL接受兩個參數(shù),如果第一個不是 NULL,則返回第一個參數(shù)。 否則,IFNULL 函數(shù)返回第二個參數(shù)
mysql> SELECT IFNULL(5,8),IFNULL(NULL,'OK');
+-------------+-------------------+
| IFNULL(5,8) | IFNULL(NULL,'OK') |
+-------------+-------------------+
| 5 | OK |
+-------------+-------------------+
# NULLIF函數(shù)
mysql> SELECT NULLIF(5,8),NULLIF(8,8);
+-------------+-------------+
| NULLIF(5,8) | NULLIF(8,8) |
+-------------+-------------+
| 5 | NULL |
+-------------+-------------+
# CASE WHEN 函數(shù)
mysql> SELECT CASE WHEN 1>0 THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END;
+--------------------------------------------+
| CASE WHEN 1>0 THEN 'true' ELSE 'false' END |
+--------------------------------------------+
| true |
+--------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT CASE 11 WHEN 1 THEN 'one'
-> WHEN 2 THEN 'two' ELSE 'more' END;
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| CASE 11 WHEN 1 THEN 'one'
WHEN 2 THEN 'two' ELSE 'more' END |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| more |
+-------------------------------------------------------------+
加密函數(shù)主要用于對字符串進行加密,常用的幾個列舉如下:
一些示例:
# ENCRYPT函數(shù)
mysql> SELECT ENCRYPT('root','salt');
+------------------------+
| ENCRYPT('root','salt') |
+------------------------+
| saFKJij3eLACw |
+------------------------+
# MD5()函數(shù)
mysql> SELECT MD5('123456');
+----------------------------------+
| MD5('123456') |
+----------------------------------+
| e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e |
+----------------------------------+
# PASSWORD函數(shù)
mysql> select PASSWORD('abcd');
+-------------------------------------------+
| PASSWORD('abcd') |
+-------------------------------------------+
| *A154C52565E9E7F94BFC08A1FE702624ED8EFFDA |
+-------------------------------------------+
總結(jié):
本文主要介紹了MySQL常用函數(shù)的作用,簡單舉例說明部分函數(shù)的用法。在實際環(huán)境中,這些函數(shù)可能嵌套使用,使用方法要復雜很多,希望大家用到的時候要多多注意各個參數(shù)的作用。
當前題目:MySQL常用函數(shù)介紹
文章來源:http://aaarwkj.com/article26/igihjg.html
成都網(wǎng)站建設公司_創(chuàng)新互聯(lián),為您提供云服務器、服務器托管、靜態(tài)網(wǎng)站、App開發(fā)、商城網(wǎng)站、ChatGPT
聲明:本網(wǎng)站發(fā)布的內(nèi)容(圖片、視頻和文字)以用戶投稿、用戶轉(zhuǎn)載內(nèi)容為主,如果涉及侵權(quán)請盡快告知,我們將會在第一時間刪除。文章觀點不代表本網(wǎng)站立場,如需處理請聯(lián)系客服。電話:028-86922220;郵箱:631063699@qq.com。內(nèi)容未經(jīng)允許不得轉(zhuǎn)載,或轉(zhuǎn)載時需注明來源: 創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)