用方括號(hào)([] )來(lái)表示列表,并用逗號(hào)來(lái)分隔其中的元素。列表 由一系列按特定順序排列的元素組成。你可以創(chuàng)建包含字母表中所有字母、數(shù)字。
bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
print(bicycles)
# ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
2.1.1 訪問(wèn)列表元素只需將該元素的位置
或索引
告訴Python即可。
bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
print(bicycles[0])
# trek
# 可使用方法title() 讓元素'trek' 的格式更整潔:
print(bicycles[0].title())
# Trek
2.1.2 索引從0而不是1開(kāi)始第一個(gè)列表元素的索引為0
bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
print(bicycles[1])
print(bicycles[3])
# cannondale
# specialized
將索引指定為-1
,可讓Python返回最后一個(gè)列表元素
:
bicycles = ['trek', 'cannondale', 'redline', 'specialized']
print(bicycles[-1])
# specialized
2.2 修改、添加和刪除元素
2.2.1 修改列表元素motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles)
# ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
motorcycles[0] = 'ducati'
print(motorcycles)
# ['ducati', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
2.2.2 在列表中添加元素motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles)
# ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
motorcycles.append('ducati')
print(motorcycles)
# ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
motorcycles2 = []
motorcycles2.append('honda')
motorcycles2.append('yamaha')
motorcycles2.append('suzuki')
print(motorcycles2)
# ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
motorcycles.insert(0, 'ducati') ?
print(motorcycles)
# ['ducati', 'honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
2.2.3 從列表中刪除元素motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles)
# ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
del motorcycles[0]
print(motorcycles)
# ['yamaha', 'suzuki']
del 可刪除任何位置處的列表元素,條件是知道其索引。
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles)
del motorcycles[1]
print(motorcycles)
# ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
# ['honda', 'suzuki']
方法pop() 可刪除列表末尾
的元素,并讓你能夠接著使用它。術(shù)語(yǔ)彈出 (pop)源自這樣的類(lèi)比:列表就像一個(gè)棧,而刪除列表末尾的元素相當(dāng)于彈出棧頂元素。
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
print(motorcycles)
popped_motorcycle = motorcycles.pop()
print(motorcycles)
print(popped_motorcycle)
# ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
# ['honda', 'yamaha']
# suzuki
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
last_owned = motorcycles.pop()
print("The last motorcycle I owned was a " + last_owned.title() + ".")
# The last motorcycle I owned was a Suzuki.
pop()+索引
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
first_owned = motorcycles.pop(0) ?
print('The first motorcycle I owned was a ' + first_owned.title() + '.')
# The first motorcycle I owned was a Honda.
方法remove()
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
print(motorcycles)
motorcycles.remove('ducati')
print(motorcycles)
# ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
# ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
motorcycles = ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati'] ?
print(motorcycles)
too_expensive = 'ducati' ?
motorcycles.remove(too_expensive) ?
print(motorcycles)
print("\nA " + too_expensive.title() + " is too expensive for me.") # \n 回車(chē)
# ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki', 'ducati']
# ['honda', 'yamaha', 'suzuki']
# A Ducati is too expensive for me.
2.3 組織列表
2.3.1 使用方法sort() 對(duì)列表進(jìn)行 永久性排序sort()
,永久性地修改了列表元素的排列順序。
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
cars.sort() ?
print(cars)
# ['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota']
相反的順序,向sort() 方法傳遞參數(shù)reverse=True
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
cars.sort(reverse=True)
print(cars)
# ['toyota', 'subaru', 'bmw', 'audi']
2.3.2 使用函數(shù)sorted() 對(duì)列表進(jìn)行 臨時(shí)排序調(diào)用函數(shù)sorted() 后,列表元素的排列順序并沒(méi)有變。如果你要按與字母順序相反的順序顯示列表,也可向函數(shù)sorted() 傳遞參數(shù)reverse=True
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
print("Here is the original list:") ?
print(cars)
print("\nHere is the sorted list:") ?
print(sorted(cars))
print("\nHere is the original list again:") ?
print(cars)
output:
Here is the original list:
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
Here is the sorted list:
['audi', 'bmw', 'subaru', 'toyota'] # 臨時(shí)排序
Here is the original list again: ?
['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru'] # 原始順序
2.3.3 倒著打印列表reverse() ,永久性地修改列表元素的排列順序,但可隨時(shí)恢復(fù)到原來(lái)的排列順序,為此只需對(duì)列表再次調(diào)用reverse() 即可。
cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
print(cars)
cars.reverse()
print(cars)
# ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
# ['subaru', 'toyota', 'audi', 'bmw']
2.3.4 確定列表的長(zhǎng)度len()
>>>cars = ['bmw', 'audi', 'toyota', 'subaru']
>>>len(cars)
4
3. 操作列表
3.1 遍歷整個(gè)列表for
循環(huán)
magicians = ['alice', 'david', 'carolina'] ?
for magician in magicians: ?
print(magician) ?
alice
david
carolina
3.2 創(chuàng)建數(shù)值列表
3.2.1 使用函數(shù)range()for value in range(1,5):
print(value)
# 輸出
1
2
3
4
for value in range(1,6):
print(value)
1
2
3
4
5
3.2.2 使用range() 創(chuàng)建數(shù)字列表numbers = list(range(1,6))
print(numbers)
# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
even_numbers = list(range(2,11,2))
print(even_numbers)
# [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
3.2.3 對(duì)數(shù)字列表執(zhí)行簡(jiǎn)單的統(tǒng)計(jì)計(jì)算>>>digits = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0]
>>>min(digits)
0
>>>max(digits)
9
>>>sum(digits)
45
3.2.4 列表解析列表解析 將for 循環(huán)和創(chuàng)建新元素的代碼合并成一行,并自動(dòng)附加新元素。
squares = [value**2 for value in range(1,11)]
print(squares)
# [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]
3.3 使用列表的一部分
3.3.1 切片players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli']
print(players[0:3]) ?
['charles', 'martina', 'michael']
players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli']
print(players[1:4])
['martina', 'michael', 'florence']
players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli']
print(players[:4])
['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence']
players = ['charles', 'martina', 'michael', 'florence', 'eli']
print(players[-3:])
['michael', 'florence', 'eli']
print(players[-3: -1])
['michael', 'florence']
3.3.2 復(fù)制列表要復(fù)制列表,可創(chuàng)建一個(gè)包含整個(gè)列表的切片,方法是同時(shí)省略起始索引和終止索引([:]
)。這讓Python創(chuàng)建一個(gè)始于第一個(gè)元素,終止于最后一個(gè)元素的切片,即復(fù)制整個(gè)列表。
my_foods = ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake'] ?
friend_foods = my_foods[:] ?
print("My favorite foods are:")
print(my_foods)
print("\nMy friend's favorite foods are:")
print(friend_foods)
輸出:
My favorite foods are:
['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake']
My friend's favorite foods are:
['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake']
另外
my_foods = ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake']
friend_foods = my_foods[:] ?
my_foods.append('cannoli') ?
friend_foods.append('ice cream') ?
print("My favorite foods are:")
print(my_foods)
print("\nMy friend's favorite foods are:")
print(friend_foods)
# My favorite foods are:
# ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake', 'cannoli'] ?
# My friend's favorite foods are:
# ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake', 'ice cream'] ?
錯(cuò)誤方法:
my_foods = ['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake']
#這行不通
friend_foods = my_foods ?
my_foods.append('cannoli')
friend_foods.append('ice cream')
print("My favorite foods are:")
print(my_foods)
print("\nMy friend's favorite foods are:")
print(friend_foods)
輸出:
My favorite foods are:
['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake', 'cannoli', 'ice cream']
My friend's favorite foods are:
['pizza', 'falafel', 'carrot cake', 'cannoli', 'ice cream']
你是否還在尋找穩(wěn)定的海外服務(wù)器提供商?創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)www.cdcxhl.cn海外機(jī)房具備T級(jí)流量清洗系統(tǒng)配攻擊溯源,準(zhǔn)確流量調(diào)度確保服務(wù)器高可用性,企業(yè)級(jí)服務(wù)器適合批量采購(gòu),新人活動(dòng)首月15元起,快前往官網(wǎng)查看詳情吧
本文名稱(chēng):python編程從入門(mén)到實(shí)踐2——列表-創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)
分享URL:http://aaarwkj.com/article28/dddscp.html
成都網(wǎng)站建設(shè)公司_創(chuàng)新互聯(lián),為您提供網(wǎng)站收錄、虛擬主機(jī)、手機(jī)網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、電子商務(wù)、品牌網(wǎng)站建設(shè)、云服務(wù)器
聲明:本網(wǎng)站發(fā)布的內(nèi)容(圖片、視頻和文字)以用戶(hù)投稿、用戶(hù)轉(zhuǎn)載內(nèi)容為主,如果涉及侵權(quán)請(qǐng)盡快告知,我們將會(huì)在第一時(shí)間刪除。文章觀點(diǎn)不代表本網(wǎng)站立場(chǎng),如需處理請(qǐng)聯(lián)系客服。電話(huà):028-86922220;郵箱:631063699@qq.com。內(nèi)容未經(jīng)允許不得轉(zhuǎn)載,或轉(zhuǎn)載時(shí)需注明來(lái)源: 創(chuàng)新互聯(lián)
猜你還喜歡下面的內(nèi)容