本篇內(nèi)容主要講解“怎么解決oracle丟失的是所有的redo日志組問題”,感興趣的朋友不妨來看看。本文介紹的方法操作簡單快捷,實用性強。下面就讓小編來帶大家學習“怎么解決oracle丟失的是所有的redo日志組問題”吧!
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假設丟失的是所有的redo日志組,分下列幾種情況分別處理:
1.Oracle沒開歸檔,一致性關閉數(shù)據(jù)庫
2.Oracle沒開歸檔,非一致性關閉數(shù)據(jù)庫
3.Oracle開歸檔,一致性關閉數(shù)據(jù)庫
4.Oracle開歸檔,非一致性關閉數(shù)據(jù)庫
一:Oracle沒開歸檔,一致性關閉數(shù)據(jù)庫
我做實驗的過程中有一個詭異的情況,我先把redo文件從操作系統(tǒng)層面都刪除了,但是數(shù)據(jù)庫正常創(chuàng)建表,insert數(shù)據(jù),我理解的是當你commit的時候,會觸發(fā)lgwr進程從redo log buffer中涮新redo 到redo 文件中,但是redo文件已經(jīng)被刪除了,就會報錯,但是他并沒有報錯:
[root@testdb59 /data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59]# ll
total 13697796
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 144916480 Apr 5 22:30 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2147491840 Apr 5 22:26 liuwenhe.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Apr 5 22:26 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Apr 5 22:29 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4938801152 Apr 5 22:26 soe3.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2469404672 Apr 5 22:26 soe.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2705334272 Apr 5 22:26 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 786440192 Apr 5 22:26 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 30416896 Oct 16 12:37 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1073750016 Apr 5 22:26 temp.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 309338112 Apr 5 22:26 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 166469632 Apr 5 22:26 users01.dbf
刪除redo 文件
[root@testdb59 /data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59]# rm *.log
再次查看,發(fā)現(xiàn)確實已經(jīng)沒有了redo文件
[root@testdb59 /data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59]# ll
total 13595388
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 144916480 Apr 5 22:50 control01.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2147491840 Apr 5 22:50 liuwenhe.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 4938801152 Apr 5 22:50 soe3.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2469404672 Apr 5 22:50 soe.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2705334272 Apr 5 22:50 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 786440192 Apr 5 22:50 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 30416896 Oct 16 12:37 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1073750016 Apr 5 22:41 temp.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 309338112 Apr 5 22:50 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 166469632 Apr 5 22:50 users01.dbf
SQL> create table t(int int);
Table created.
SQL> insert into t values (100);
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
SQL>alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system checkpoint;
System altered.
有點理解不了!!!!問了下老師,才知道原來是打開的文件句柄還在,重啟之后就沒有了!就會報錯
(體外話:也就是說rm這個文件了,但是這個文件實際上還是存在的,先說一下他的工作原理吧,然后我在把試驗分享給大家, 工作原理其實也不難,這個工具需要在ext3或者ext4 的文件系統(tǒng)上才可以實現(xiàn),因為ext3文件系統(tǒng)是日志型文件系統(tǒng),ext3文件系統(tǒng)儲存信息的時候是由inode號和block塊存儲的。
神馬? 不知道什么是inode號?和block塊? 好吧,在說明白點,比如:一個分區(qū)比如一本書,那么block塊就是書每頁的內(nèi)容,而inode號 就是書的目錄,系統(tǒng)找文件的時候先找inode號 然后根據(jù)inode號去找硬盤上的block快信息,明白了吧!
在說一下刪除的原理吧。 當硬盤上的一個文件刪除,其實沒有真正想象中的那樣在硬盤上清除掉的,他是把inode號和block塊的那個鏈子 斷開,但是真正的數(shù)據(jù)還是在硬盤上的,有沒有感覺在windos上刪除是那么快,沒考慮到這吧,當你在刪除文件的地方重新復制了新文件,那時候才會把之前的文件覆蓋掉,也就是說刪除了沒有關系,千萬不要往那個位置放文件了)
因為數(shù)據(jù)庫是一致性關閉的,也就是不需要實例恢復,也就不需要丟失的redo,所以可以直接刪除重建,當然也可以recover database 來恢復丟失的redo,所以針對這種情況,有兩種恢復方式:
方法一:直接clear相應的redo日志組!也就是刪除重新建立!
SQL> shutdown immediate #一致性關閉
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes
Fixed Size 2253664 bytes
Variable Size 1275071648 bytes
Database Buffers 318767104 bytes
Redo Buffers 7319552 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 30641
Current log sequence 30642
清理刪除從新建立或者直接clear所有的redo 日志組,包括當前狀態(tài)的和active狀態(tài)的redo 日志組!
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 1;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 3;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open ;
Database altered.
方法二:recover的方式恢復重做日志,我的實驗過程中,有的時候這個方法會報錯,如果報錯那么就使用第一種方式恢復!
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 830930944 bytes
Fixed Size 2257800 bytes
Variable Size 536874104 bytes
Database Buffers 289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers 2392064 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL>
###恢復丟失的redo文件,但是需要open resetlogs之后才能自動創(chuàng)建上!
SQL> recover database until cancel;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
二:Oracle沒開歸檔,非一致性關閉數(shù)據(jù)庫
[root@testdb59 /data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59]# rm -f *.log
SQL> shu abort ###非一致性關閉數(shù)據(jù)庫
ORACLE instance shut down.
這個時候嘗試使用前面的clear或者recover database都會報錯,無法恢復,因為這個時候是需要做實例恢復的,那么什么時候需要實例恢復的判斷依據(jù),請參考另一篇文章(Oracle原理-----關于oracle實例恢復的前滾和回滾的理解),報錯如下:
首先嘗試重建,當你嘗試clear當前的日志組的時候,會報錯提示是需要的!!!因為非一致性關閉確實需要使用丟失的active和current狀態(tài)的redo來實例恢復!
首先啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫到mount狀態(tài)
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 3;
alter database clear logfile group 3
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01624: log 3 needed for crash recovery of instance stdb59 (thread 1)
ORA-00312: online log 3 thread 1:
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/redo03.log'
然后嘗試recover database,結(jié)果肯定不可以,因為實例恢復需要的redo已經(jīng)丟失!!
SQL> recover database until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 21959466 generated at 04/06/2019 21:15:45 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/data/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/STDB59/archivelog/2019_04_06/o1_mf_1_2_%
u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 21959466 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
CANCEL
ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/system01.dbf'
ORA-01112: media recovery not started
SQL> alter database open RESETLOGS;
alter database open RESETLOGS
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/system01.dbf'
那么針對這種情況,恢復的方式如下:
使用一個隱含參數(shù)_allow_resetlogs_corruption強制啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫,設置此參數(shù)之后,在數(shù)據(jù)庫Open過程中,Oracle會跳過某些一致性檢查,從而使數(shù)據(jù)庫可能跳過不一致狀態(tài),到達open數(shù)據(jù)庫的目的
SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/pfile.ora' from spfile;
File created.
然后在/home/oracle/pfile.ora添加上
*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=true
SQL> startup mount pfile='/home/oracle/pfile.ora';
SQL> recover database until cancel; #恢復丟失的redo文件
ORA-00279: change 21959471 generated at 04/06/2019 22:34:01 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/data/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/STDB59/archivelog/2019_04_06/o1_mf_1_2_%
u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 21959471 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
CANCEL
ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/system01.dbf'
ORA-01112: media recovery not started
幸運的話就可以直接以resetlogs方式open數(shù)據(jù)庫了!
SQL> alter database open RESETLOGS;
Database altered.
如果遇到下面的錯誤,那么你就得重建控制文件了:
SQL> alter database open RESETLOGS;
alter database open RESETLOGS
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01092: ORACLE instance terminated. Disconnection forced
ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure
ORA-00704: bootstrap process failure
ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [2662], [0], [21959484], [0],
[21959877], [4194545], [], [], [], [], [], []
Process ID: 13177
Session ID: 63 Serial number: 5
重建數(shù)據(jù)庫控制文件
1)直接使用如下alter database backup controlfile這種會報錯
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/data/u01/control_rebuild.trc';
alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/data/u01/control_rebuild.trc'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-16433: The database must be opened in read/write mode.
2)還可以使用如下特定的格式來重建,
查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫的redo 信息:
SQL> select GROUP#,MEMBER from v$logfile;
GROUP# MEMBER
3 /data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/redo03.log
1 /data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/redo01.log
查詢數(shù)據(jù)庫的datafile信息
SQL> select MEMBER from v$logfile;
MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/redo03.log
/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/redo01.log
/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/redo04.log
/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/redo05.log
/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/redo06.log
/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/redo07.log
查出數(shù)據(jù)庫字符集:
SQL> select userenv('language') nls_lang from dual;
NLS_LANG
----------------------------------------------------
AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
然后編輯出創(chuàng)建控制文件的腳本:注意這里的的testdb57為數(shù)據(jù)庫(db_name),如果是adg轉(zhuǎn)換成的主庫,不要寫db_unique_name
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE 'testdb57' NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 50
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 226
LOGFILE
GROUP 3 '/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/redo03.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 1 '/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/redo01.log' SIZE 50M
DATAFILE
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/system01.dbf',
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/sysaux01.dbf',
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/undotbs01.dbf',
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/users01.dbf',
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/liuwenhe.dbf',
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/soe.dbf',
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/soe3.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;
然后直接將數(shù)據(jù)庫啟動到nomount狀態(tài),執(zhí)行創(chuàng)建腳本即可
SQL> startup nomount pfile='/home/oracle/pfile.ora';
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes
Fixed Size 2253664 bytes
Variable Size 1275071648 bytes
Database Buffers 318767104 bytes
Redo Buffers 7319552 bytes
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE 'testdb57' NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 50
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 226
LOGFILE
GROUP 3 '/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/redo03.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 1 '/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/redo01.log' SIZE 50M
DATAFILE
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/system01.dbf',
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/sysaux01.dbf',
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/undotbs01.dbf',
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/users01.dbf',
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/liuwenhe.dbf',
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/soe.dbf',
'/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/soe3.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;
Control file created.
然后使用oradebug推進內(nèi)存中scn號,以便于執(zhí)行后面的recover來恢復丟失的redo文件,因為recover的過程會讀取內(nèi)存中scn。注意 alter session set events '10015 trace name adjust_scn level 10';這種方式在11.2.0.4已經(jīng)失效了
(題外話:我們先聊聊Oracle的SCN。在數(shù)據(jù)庫內(nèi)部,SCN是一個單向遞增的數(shù)字編號,控制文件、數(shù)據(jù)文件、在線Redo日志、歸檔日志和備份集合中,都包括這個數(shù)字編號。在內(nèi)部文件中,SCN是通過Base和Wrap兩個部分進行保存。Base是SCN編號的基礎位,是通過32位二進制位進行保存。一旦超過這32位長度,系統(tǒng)會自動在Wrap進位。也就是說,Wrap表示的超過4G個數(shù)的進位次數(shù))
SQL> oradebug poke 0x06001AE70 4 0x001B7740
oradebug 推進scn號,poke命令中,第一位參數(shù)是對應寫入的內(nèi)存位數(shù),第二位參數(shù)是寫入長度,第三位參數(shù)是寫入取值。默認寫入取值是10進制,我們在這里指定寫入16進制(0x開頭),每一個取值段,用8個16進制對應,對應到數(shù)字位數(shù)是4位
首先查出數(shù)據(jù)庫的控制文件中的scn號
SQL> select file#, checkpoint_change# from v$datafile;
FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
1 21959486
2 21959486
3 21959486
4 21959486
5 21959486
6 21959486
7 21959486
7 rows selected.
SQL> oradebug setmypid
Statement processed.
SQL> oradebug DUMPvar SGA kcsgscn_
kcslf kcsgscn_ [06001AE70, 06001AEA0) = 014F14A2 00000001 00000000 00000000 000000EB 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 6001AB50 00000000
SQL> oradebug poke 0x06001AE70 4 21959486
BEFORE: [06001AE70, 06001AE74) = 00000000
AFTER: [06001AE70, 06001AE74) = 014F133E
(或者可以把21959486轉(zhuǎn)換成16進制,然后再修改
SQL> select to_char(21959486, 'XXXXXXXXXXX') from dual;
TO_CHAR(2195
------------
14F133E
SQL> oradebug poke 0x06001AE70 4 0x14F133E
BEFORE: [06001AE70, 06001AE74) = 00000000
AFTER: [06001AE70, 06001AE74) = 014F133E)
再次查看確實已經(jīng)變成了014F133E(對應10進制是21959486)
SQL> oradebug DUMPvar SGA kcsgscn_
kcslf kcsgscn_ [06001AE70, 06001AEA0) = 014F133E 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 6001AB50 00000000
然后執(zhí)行recover進行不完全恢復:
SQL> recover database until cancel;
ORA-00279: change 21959486 generated at 04/06/2019 23:52:28 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion :
/data/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/STDB59/archivelog/2019_04_07/o1_mf_1_2_%
u_.arc
ORA-00280: change 21959486 for thread 1 is in sequence #2
Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
CANCEL
ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/system01.dbf'
ORA-01112: media recovery not started
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
至此恢復成功!
三:oracle開歸檔,一致性關閉
這種情況是同情況1,不需要做實例恢復,所以可以直接刪除從新或者recover所有的redo組即可,
方法一:直接clear相應的redo日志組!也就是刪除重新建立!
SQL> shutdown immediate #一致性關閉
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes
Fixed Size 2253664 bytes
Variable Size 1275071648 bytes
Database Buffers 318767104 bytes
Redo Buffers 7319552 bytes
Database mounted.
清理刪除從新建立或者直接clear所有的redo 日志組,包括當前狀態(tài)的和active狀態(tài)的redo 日志組!
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 1;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database clear logfile group 3;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open ;
Database altered.
方法二:recover的方式恢復重做日志,我的實驗過程中,有的時候這個方法會報錯,如果報錯那么就使用第一種方式恢復!
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 830930944 bytes
Fixed Size 2257800 bytes
Variable Size 536874104 bytes
Database Buffers 289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers 2392064 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL>
###恢復丟失的redo文件,但是需要open resetlogs之后才能自動創(chuàng)建上!
SQL> recover database until cancel;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;
Database altered.
四:開歸檔,非一致性關閉;
這種情況,只能借助歸檔日志做不完全恢復!
SQL> select * from v$log;
GROUP# THREAD# SEQUENCE# BYTES BLOCKSIZE MEMBERS ARC
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---
STATUS FIRST_CHANGE# FIRST_TIM NEXT_CHANGE# NEXT_TIME
---------------- ------------- --------- ------------ ---------
1 1 39 52428800 512 1 YES
INACTIVE 4318162327 20-APR-19 4318209770 20-APR-19
3 1 40 52428800 512 1 NO
CURRENT 4318209770 20-APR-19 2.8147E+14
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 39
Next log sequence to archive 40
Current log sequence 40
刪除redo log文件
[oracle@testdb59 stdb59]$ rm -f *.log
然后非一致性關閉
SQL> shu abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
解決過程:
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 1603411968 bytes
Fixed Size 2253664 bytes
Variable Size 1275071648 bytes
Database Buffers 318767104 bytes
Redo Buffers 7319552 bytes
Database mounted.
###恢復丟失的redo文件,但是需要open resetlogs之后才能自動創(chuàng)建上!
SQL> recover database until cancel;
Media recovery complete.
嘗試resetlog方式打開,如果報錯如下,那么還得借助隱含參數(shù)_allow_resetlogs_corruption;
SQL> alter database open RESETLOGS;
alter database open RESETLOGS
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01194: file 1 needs more recovery to be consistent
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata/stdb59/system01.dbf'
使用一個隱含參數(shù)_allow_resetlogs_corruption強制啟動數(shù)據(jù)庫,設置此參數(shù)之后,在數(shù)據(jù)庫Open過程中,Oracle會跳過某些一致性檢查,從而使數(shù)據(jù)庫可能跳過不一致狀態(tài),到達open數(shù)據(jù)庫的目的
SQL> create pfile='/home/oracle/pfile.ora' from spfile;
File created.
然后在/home/oracle/pfile.ora添加上
*._allow_resetlogs_corruption=true
SQL> startup mount pfile='/home/oracle/pfile.ora';
SQL> alter database open RESETLOGS;
Database altered.
然后一致性關閉數(shù)據(jù)庫,去掉隱含參數(shù)_allow_resetlogs_corruption,重啟數(shù)據(jù)庫!
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