關(guān)于Java規(guī)則引擎Easy Rules的用法,其實(shí)不難理解,下面讓小編帶著大家一起分析分析,希望大家閱讀完這篇文章后大所收獲。
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1. Easy Rules 概述
Easy Rules是一個Java規(guī)則引擎,靈感來自一篇名為《Should I use a Rules Engine?》的文章
規(guī)則引擎就是提供一種可選的計算模型。與通常的命令式模型(由帶有條件和循環(huán)的命令依次組成)不同,規(guī)則引擎基于生產(chǎn)規(guī)則系統(tǒng)。這是一組生產(chǎn)規(guī)則,每條規(guī)則都有一個條件(condition)和一個動作(action)———— 簡單地說,可以將其看作是一組if-then語句。
精妙之處在于規(guī)則可以按任何順序編寫,引擎會決定何時使用對順序有意義的任何方式來計算它們??紤]它的一個好方法是系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行所有規(guī)則,選擇條件成立的規(guī)則,然后執(zhí)行相應(yīng)的操作。這樣做的好處是,很多問題都很自然地符合這個模型:
if car.owner.hasCellPhone then premium += 100;
if car.model.theftRating > 4 then premium += 200;
if car.owner.livesInDodgyArea && car.model.theftRating > 2 then premium += 300;
規(guī)則引擎是一種工具,它使得這種計算模型編程變得更容易。它可能是一個完整的開發(fā)環(huán)境,或者一個可以在傳統(tǒng)平臺上工作的框架。生產(chǎn)規(guī)則計算模型最適合僅解決一部分計算問題,因此規(guī)則引擎可以更好地嵌入到較大的系統(tǒng)中。
你可以自己構(gòu)建一個簡單的規(guī)則引擎。你所需要做的就是創(chuàng)建一組帶有條件和動作的對象,將它們存儲在一個集合中,然后遍歷它們以評估條件并執(zhí)行這些動作。
Easy Rules它提供Rule抽象以創(chuàng)建具有條件和動作的規(guī)則,并提供RuleEngine API,該API通過一組規(guī)則運(yùn)行以評估條件并執(zhí)行動作。
Easy Rules簡單易用,只需兩步:
首先,定義規(guī)則,方式有很多種
方式一:注解
@Rule(name = "weather rule", description = "if it rains then take an umbrella") public class WeatherRule { @Condition public boolean itRains(@Fact("rain") boolean rain) { return rain; } @Action public void takeAnUmbrella() { System.out.println("It rains, take an umbrella!"); } }
方式二:鏈?zhǔn)骄幊?/p>
Rule weatherRule = new RuleBuilder() .name("weather rule") .description("if it rains then take an umbrella") .when(facts -> facts.get("rain").equals(true)) .then(facts -> System.out.println("It rains, take an umbrella!")) .build();
方式三:表達(dá)式
Rule weatherRule = new MVELRule() .name("weather rule") .description("if it rains then take an umbrella") .when("rain == true") .then("System.out.println(\"It rains, take an umbrella!\");");
方式四:yml配置文件
例如:weather-rule.yml
name: "weather rule" description: "if it rains then take an umbrella" condition: "rain == true" actions: - "System.out.println(\"It rains, take an umbrella!\");"
MVELRuleFactory ruleFactory = new MVELRuleFactory(new YamlRuleDefinitionReader()); Rule weatherRule = ruleFactory.createRule(new FileReader("weather-rule.yml"));
接下來,應(yīng)用規(guī)則
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { // define facts Facts facts = new Facts(); facts.put("rain", true); // define rules Rule weatherRule = ... Rules rules = new Rules(); rules.register(weatherRule); // fire rules on known facts RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine(); rulesEngine.fire(rules, facts); } }
入門案例:Hello Easy Rules
<dependency> <groupId>org.jeasy</groupId> <artifactId>easy-rules-core</artifactId> <version>4.0.0</version> </dependency>
通過骨架創(chuàng)建maven項(xiàng)目:
mvn archetype:generate \ -DarchetypeGroupId=org.jeasy \ -DarchetypeArtifactId=easy-rules-archetype \ -DarchetypeVersion=4.0.0
默認(rèn)給我們生成了一個HelloWorldRule規(guī)則,如下:
package com.cjs.example.rules; import org.jeasy.rules.annotation.Action; import org.jeasy.rules.annotation.Condition; import org.jeasy.rules.annotation.Rule; @Rule(name = "Hello World rule", description = "Always say hello world") public class HelloWorldRule { @Condition public boolean when() { return true; } @Action public void then() throws Exception { System.out.println("hello world"); } }
2. 規(guī)則定義
2.1. 定義規(guī)則
大多數(shù)業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)則可以用以下定義表示:
Easy Rules為每個關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)提供了一個抽象來定義業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)則。
在Easy Rules中,Rule接口代表規(guī)則
public interface Rule { /** * This method encapsulates the rule's conditions. * @return true if the rule should be applied given the provided facts, false otherwise */ boolean evaluate(Facts facts); /** * This method encapsulates the rule's actions. * @throws Exception if an error occurs during actions performing */ void execute(Facts facts) throws Exception; //Getters and setters for rule name, description and priority omitted. }
evaluate方法封裝了必須計算結(jié)果為TRUE才能觸發(fā)規(guī)則的條件。execute方法封裝了在滿足規(guī)則條件時應(yīng)該執(zhí)行的動作。條件和操作由Condition和Action接口表示。
定義規(guī)則有兩種方式:
可以在一個POJO類上添加@Rule注解,例如:
@Rule(name = "my rule", description = "my rule description", priority = 1) public class MyRule { @Condition public boolean when(@Fact("fact") fact) { //my rule conditions return true; } @Action(order = 1) public void then(Facts facts) throws Exception { //my actions } @Action(order = 2) public void finally() throws Exception { //my final actions } }
@Condition注解指定規(guī)則條件
@Fact注解指定參數(shù)
@Action注解指定規(guī)則執(zhí)行的動作
RuleBuilder支持鏈?zhǔn)斤L(fēng)格定義規(guī)則,例如:
Rule rule = new RuleBuilder() .name("myRule") .description("myRuleDescription") .priority(3) .when(condition) .then(action1) .then(action2) .build();
組合規(guī)則
CompositeRule由一組規(guī)則組成。這是一個典型地組合設(shè)計模式的實(shí)現(xiàn)。
組合規(guī)則是一個抽象概念,因?yàn)榭梢砸圆煌绞接|發(fā)組合規(guī)則。
Easy Rules自帶三種CompositeRule實(shí)現(xiàn):
復(fù)合規(guī)則可以從基本規(guī)則創(chuàng)建并注冊為常規(guī)規(guī)則:
//Create a composite rule from two primitive rules UnitRuleGroup myUnitRuleGroup = new UnitRuleGroup("myUnitRuleGroup", "unit of myRule1 and myRule2"); myUnitRuleGroup.addRule(myRule1); myUnitRuleGroup.addRule(myRule2); //Register the composite rule as a regular rule Rules rules = new Rules(); rules.register(myUnitRuleGroup); RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine(); rulesEngine.fire(rules, someFacts);
每個規(guī)則都有優(yōu)先級。它代表觸發(fā)注冊規(guī)則的默認(rèn)順序。默認(rèn)情況下,較低的值表示較高的優(yōu)先級。可以重寫compareTo方法以提供自定義優(yōu)先級策略。
2.2. 定義事實(shí)
在Easy Rules中,F(xiàn)act API代表事實(shí)
public class Fact<T> { private final String name; private final T value; }
舉個栗子:
Fact<String> fact = new Fact("foo", "bar"); Facts facts = new Facts(); facts.add(fact);
或者,也可以用這樣簡寫形式
Facts facts = new Facts(); facts.put("foo", "bar");
用@Fact注解可以將Facts注入到condition和action方法中
@Rule class WeatherRule { @Condition public boolean itRains(@Fact("rain") boolean rain) { return rain; } @Action public void takeAnUmbrella(Facts facts) { System.out.println("It rains, take an umbrella!"); // can add/remove/modify facts } }
2.3. 定義規(guī)則引擎
Easy Rules提供兩種RulesEngine接口實(shí)現(xiàn):
創(chuàng)建規(guī)則引擎:
RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine(); // or RulesEngine rulesEngine = new InferenceRulesEngine();
然后,注冊規(guī)則
rulesEngine.fire(rules, facts);
規(guī)則引擎有一些可配置的參數(shù),如下圖所示:
舉個栗子:
RulesEngineParameters parameters = new RulesEngineParameters() .rulePriorityThreshold(10) .skipOnFirstAppliedRule(true) .skipOnFirstFailedRule(true) .skipOnFirstNonTriggeredRule(true); RulesEngine rulesEngine = new DefaultRulesEngine(parameters);
2.4. 定義規(guī)則監(jiān)聽器
通過實(shí)現(xiàn)RuleListener接口
public interface RuleListener { /** * Triggered before the evaluation of a rule. * * @param rule being evaluated * @param facts known before evaluating the rule * @return true if the rule should be evaluated, false otherwise */ default boolean beforeEvaluate(Rule rule, Facts facts) { return true; } /** * Triggered after the evaluation of a rule. * * @param rule that has been evaluated * @param facts known after evaluating the rule * @param evaluationResult true if the rule evaluated to true, false otherwise */ default void afterEvaluate(Rule rule, Facts facts, boolean evaluationResult) { } /** * Triggered on condition evaluation error due to any runtime exception. * * @param rule that has been evaluated * @param facts known while evaluating the rule * @param exception that happened while attempting to evaluate the condition. */ default void onEvaluationError(Rule rule, Facts facts, Exception exception) { } /** * Triggered before the execution of a rule. * * @param rule the current rule * @param facts known facts before executing the rule */ default void beforeExecute(Rule rule, Facts facts) { } /** * Triggered after a rule has been executed successfully. * * @param rule the current rule * @param facts known facts after executing the rule */ default void onSuccess(Rule rule, Facts facts) { } /** * Triggered after a rule has failed. * * @param rule the current rule * @param facts known facts after executing the rule * @param exception the exception thrown when attempting to execute the rule */ default void onFailure(Rule rule, Facts facts, Exception exception) { } }
3. 示例
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.cjs.example</groupId> <artifactId>easy-rules-quickstart</artifactId> <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.jeasy</groupId> <artifactId>easy-rules-core</artifactId> <version>4.0.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.jeasy</groupId> <artifactId>easy-rules-support</artifactId> <version>4.0.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.jeasy</groupId> <artifactId>easy-rules-mvel</artifactId> <version>4.0.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId> <version>1.7.30</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
4. 擴(kuò)展
規(guī)則本質(zhì)上是一個函數(shù),如y=f(x1,x2,..,xn)
規(guī)則引擎就是為了解決業(yè)務(wù)代碼和業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)則分離的引擎,是一種嵌入在應(yīng)用程序中的組件,實(shí)現(xiàn)了將業(yè)務(wù)決策從應(yīng)用程序代碼中分離。
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新聞名稱:關(guān)于Java規(guī)則引擎EasyRules的用法
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