Nagios官網(wǎng):https://www.nagios.org/
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nagios重狀態(tài)和結(jié)果,支持告警,沒(méi)有數(shù)據(jù)歷史,不用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),不成圖像,不支持web配置,也可以自己開(kāi)發(fā)腳本定制個(gè)性化的監(jiān)控,支持多插件。
監(jiān)控日志:log_file=/var/log/nagios/nagios.log
Web訪問(wèn)原因:/etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf
yum nagios默認(rèn)路徑/etc/nagios,同時(shí)httpd、php被作為依賴(lài)安裝
yum install -y nagios-plugins #監(jiān)控其它主機(jī)的插件
yum install -y nagios nagios-plugins-all #在/usr/lib/nagios/plugins下載一些關(guān)于監(jiān)控命令的包,這樣才會(huì)有狀態(tài)
本機(jī)監(jiān)控信息文件:/etc/nagios/objects/localhost.cfg
nagios-plugins-nrpe #用于和被監(jiān)控別的主機(jī)通信,如監(jiān)控負(fù)載,磁盤(pán)情況
nrpe #用來(lái)生成/etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg,監(jiān)控本機(jī)和其它機(jī)器,也用于遠(yuǎn)程通信
nagios -v /etc/nagios/nagios.cfg #檢測(cè)nagios.cfg是否正確
下載sendmail,并啟動(dòng)
告警試發(fā)郵件: mail -s "test" 463245818@qq.com
配置服務(wù)端:192.168.134.141
cd /usr/local/src/
wgethttp://www.lishiming.net/data/p_w_upload/forum/epel-release-6-8_32.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8_32.noarch.rpm
yum install -y nagios nagios-plugins nagios-plugins-allnrpe nagios-plugins-nrpe #安裝很多依賴(lài)包httpd、php
htpasswd -c /etc/nagios/passwd nagiosadmin #在web登陸是需要的賬號(hào)、密碼
nagios -v /etc/nagios/nagios.cfg #檢查nagios配置文件
/etc/init.d/httpd start
/etc/init.d/nagios start #默認(rèn)監(jiān)控本機(jī)
通過(guò)web查看nagios
http://192.168.134.141/nagios/
客戶(hù)端(監(jiān)控其它機(jī)器):192.168.134.132
首先在被監(jiān)控機(jī)器操作:192.168.134.132
cd /usr/local/src/
wgethttp://www.lishiming.net/data/p_w_upload/forum/epel-release-6-8_32.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8_32.noarch.rpm
yum install -y nagios nagios-plugins nagios-plugins-allnrpe nagios-plugins-nrpe
vim /etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg
#找到并修改
allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,192.168.134.135,192,168.134.141 #允許被誰(shuí)監(jiān)控
dont_blame_nrpe=1 #1為允許,0為不允許
#然后在服務(wù)端添加被監(jiān)控的主機(jī)信息
vim /etc/nagios/conf.d/192.168.132.cfg
#添加內(nèi)容
define host{
use linux-server #應(yīng)用linux-server的屬性,templates.cfg有定義
host_name web1 #主機(jī)名
alias 134.132 #主機(jī)別名
address 192.168.134.132 #被監(jiān)控的主機(jī)地址,可為IP,也可是域名
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 192.168.134.132
service_description check_ping
check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!200.0,50%
max_check_attempts 5
normal_check_interval 1
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 192.168.134.132
service_description check_ssh
check_command check_ssh
max_check_attempts 5 ;當(dāng)nagios檢測(cè)到問(wèn)題時(shí),一共嘗試檢測(cè)5次都有問(wèn)題才會(huì)告警,如果該數(shù)值為1,那么檢測(cè)到問(wèn)題立即告警
normal_check_interval 1 ;重新檢測(cè)的時(shí)間間隔,單位是分鐘,默認(rèn)是3分鐘
notification_interval 60;在服務(wù)出現(xiàn)異常后,故障一直沒(méi)有解決,nagios再次對(duì)使用者發(fā)出通知的時(shí)間。單位是分鐘。如果你認(rèn)為,所有的事件只需要一次通知就夠>了,可以把這里的選項(xiàng)設(shè)為0。
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 192.168.134.132
service_description check_http
check_command check_http
max_check_attempts 5
normal_check_interval 1
}
nagios -v /etc/nagios/nagios.cfg
/etc/init.d/nagios restart
以上幾個(gè)服務(wù)不依賴(lài)于客戶(hù)端nrpe服務(wù),在自己電腦上可以使用ping或者telnet探測(cè)遠(yuǎn)程任何一臺(tái)機(jī)器是否存活,是否開(kāi)啟某個(gè)端口或服務(wù)。而當(dāng)我們想要檢測(cè)客戶(hù)端的某個(gè)具體服務(wù)的情況時(shí),就需要借助于nrpe了,比如想知道客戶(hù)端機(jī)器的負(fù)載或者磁盤(pán)使用情況
check_nrpe和nrpe daemon的工作原理
繼續(xù)添加服務(wù):客戶(hù)端負(fù)載和磁盤(pán)使用情況,
首先在服務(wù)端:192.168.134.141
編輯服務(wù)端的命令文件和客戶(hù)端文件
vim /etc/nagios/objects/commands.cfg
#增加
define command{
command_name check_nrpe
command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe-H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$
}
vim /etc/nagios/conf.d/192.168.132.cfg
#增加
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 192.168.134.141
service_description check_load
check_command check_nrpe!check_load
max_check_attempts 5
normal_check_interval 1
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 192.168.134.132
service_description check_disk_sda1
check_command check_nrpe!check_sda1
max_check_attempts 5
normal_check_interval 1
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 192.168.134.132
service_description check_disk_sda3
check_command check_nrpe!check_sda3
max_check_attempts 5
normal_check_interval 1
}
說(shuō)明:check_nrpe!check_load:這里的check_nrpe就是在命令文件commands.cfg定義的,check_load是遠(yuǎn)程主機(jī)上的一個(gè)檢測(cè)腳本,在/usr/lib/nagios/plugins這個(gè)文件下
客戶(hù)端操作:192.168.134.132
vim /etc/nagios/nrpe.cfg
#搜索check_load,這行就是在服務(wù)端上要執(zhí)行的腳本,可以手動(dòng)執(zhí)行試試
把check_hda1更改一下:check_hda1改為check_sda1,/dev/hda1改為/dev/sda1
#因?yàn)楸緳C(jī)沒(méi)有had盤(pán),只有sda1
在添加一行
command[check_sda3]=/usr/lib/nagios/plugins/check_disk-w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/sda3
在客戶(hù)端啟動(dòng)nrpe:/etc/init.d/nrpe start #用于和服務(wù)端通信
在服務(wù)端重啟nagios:/etc/init.d/nagios restart
5、服務(wù)端配置告警
vim /etc/nagios/objects/contacts.cfg
#添加內(nèi)容
define contact{
contact_name David ;聯(lián)系人名稱(chēng)
use generic-contact ;引用templates.cfg定義
alias 12 ;聯(lián)系人名稱(chēng)
email 463245818@qq.com ;聯(lián)系人郵箱
}
define contact{
contact_name Nance
use generic-contact
alias 13
email 463245818@qq.com
}
define contactgroup{
contactgroup_name common ;組名稱(chēng)
alias 112
members David,Nance ;組成員
}
#然后打開(kāi)
vim /etc/nagios/conf.d/192.168.134.132.cfg
#在比較重要的服務(wù)增加
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 192.168.134.132
service_description check_load
check_command check_nrpe!check_load
max_check_attempts 5
normal_check_interval 1
contact_groups common
notifications_enabled 1
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
}
#其中
notifications_enabled 1 ;是否開(kāi)啟提醒功能。1為開(kāi)啟,0為禁用。一般,這個(gè)選項(xiàng)會(huì)在主配置文件(nagios.cfg)中定義,效果相同。
notification_period 24x7 ;發(fā)送提醒的時(shí)間段。非常重要的主機(jī)(服務(wù))我定義為7×24,一般的主機(jī)(服務(wù))就定義為上班時(shí)間。如果不在定義的時(shí)間段內(nèi),無(wú)論什么問(wèn)題發(fā)生,都不>會(huì)發(fā)送提醒。
notification_options:w,u,c,r ;這個(gè)是service的狀態(tài)。w為waning, u為unknown, c為critical, r為recover(恢復(fù)了),類(lèi)似的還有一個(gè) host對(duì)應(yīng)的狀態(tài):d,u,r d = 狀態(tài)為DOWN, u = 狀態(tài)為UNREACHABLE, r = 狀態(tài)恢復(fù)為OK,需要加入到host的定義配置里。
下載網(wǎng)址:https://sourceforge.net/
環(huán)境在源碼安裝好的lamp
排錯(cuò)查看日志
cat /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log
cat /usr/local/nagios/var/nagios.log
打開(kāi)apache的配置文件httpd.conf,找到4個(gè),讓它允許訪問(wèn)、支持php解析、默認(rèn)php、ServerName
先創(chuàng)建nagios用戶(hù)
useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios
mkdir /usr/local/nagios
chown nagios:nagios /usr/local/nagios/
對(duì)于nrpe的版本下載v2.15,check_nrpe可以和nrpe daemon通信
V3.0.1自己感覺(jué)很多不足,check_nrpe和nrpe daemon不能通信,編譯的參數(shù)也不同,3.0.1可以用make查看參數(shù)
有錯(cuò)誤看日志
cd /usr/local/src
yum install -y unzip #編譯nagios需要的包
#這里使用nagios4..x在安裝pnp4nagios存在不兼容問(wèn)題所以建議下載nagios3.x
wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/nagios/nagios-3.x/nagios-3.5.1/nagios-3.5.1.tar.gz
wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/nagios/nagios-4.x/nagios-4.2.1/nagios-4.2.1.tar.gz
wget https://nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.1.2.tar.gz#_ga=1.74695893.656335937.1476780657
wgethttp://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/nagios/nrpe-2.x/nrpe-2.15/nrpe-2.15.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nagios-3.5.1.tar.gz
cd nagios
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios
make all #編譯主程序
make install #對(duì)主程序,CGI以及HTML網(wǎng)頁(yè)進(jìn)行安裝
make install-init #在/etc/rc.d/init.d目錄產(chǎn)生nagios啟動(dòng)腳本
make install-commandmode #安裝和配置外部命令對(duì)nagios主路徑操作的權(quán)限。(這里所謂的外部命令主要是指apache通過(guò)CGI來(lái)對(duì)nagios的進(jìn)行的操作,用戶(hù)通過(guò)web以執(zhí)行CGI程序腳本的方式來(lái)對(duì)nagios的檢測(cè)結(jié)果進(jìn)行讀取和調(diào)用)
make install-config #將會(huì)在/usr/local/nagios/etc這個(gè)nagios編譯安裝的主配置路徑下安裝示例配置模板
cd /usr/local/src
tar -zxvf nagios-plugins-2.1.2.tar.gz
cd nagios-plugins-2.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios #在/usr/local/nagios生成libexec目錄,都是檢測(cè)腳本
make install
基本安裝完成,現(xiàn)在配置apache,讓它可以用web界面訪問(wèn)
vim /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
#添加一行
Include conf/extra/nagios.conf
#修改主和組
User nagios
Group nagios
然后創(chuàng)建nagios.conf文件
cp/usr/local/src/nagios/sample-config/httpd.conf/usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/nagios.conf
/usr/local/apache2/bin/htpasswd -c/usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users nagiosadmin #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)用戶(hù),用于后臺(tái)訪問(wèn)nagios
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
/etc/init.d/nagios start
http://192.168.134.141/nagios/ #通過(guò)ip訪問(wèn)nagios,點(diǎn)擊Services
狀態(tài):
w :Warming 警告
u: Unknown 未知
c: Critical 危險(xiǎn)
p: Pending 待定
r: Recovery 狀態(tài)已回復(fù)值OK
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel #./configure需要的包
cd /usr/local/src/
tar -zxvf nrpe-2.15.tar.gz
cd nrpe-2.15
./configure
make all
make install-plugin #安裝nrpe插件check-nrpe
要想在被監(jiān)控的主機(jī)安裝nrpe,首先要在被監(jiān)控主機(jī)刪安裝nagios插件
useradd -s /sbin/nologin nagios
cd /usr/local/src
wget https://nagios-plugins.org/download/nagios-plugins-2.1.2.tar.gz#_ga=1.74695893.656335937.1476780657
wget http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/nagios/nrpe-2.x/nrpe-2.15/nrpe-2.15.tar.gz
tar -zxvf nagios-plugins-2.1.2.tar.gz
cd nagios-plugins-2.1.2
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nagios--with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios #在/usr/local/nagios生成libexec目錄,都是檢測(cè)腳本
make install
ls /usr/local/nagios/ #查看一下,共有三個(gè)目錄
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel #./configure需要的包
tar -zxvf nrpe-2.15.tar.gz
cd nrpe-2.15
./configure --enable-command-args #如果要給nrpe傳遞參數(shù),在安裝配置加上該參數(shù)
make all
make install-plugin #安裝nrpe插件check_nrpe
make install-daemon #安裝nrpe命令/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe
make install-daemon-config #安裝nrpe配置文件nrpe.cfg
#跳過(guò) 版本為v3.0.1 操作這步makeinstall-config #安裝nrpe配置文件nrpe.cfg
允許被別的主機(jī)監(jiān)控,并自制命令
vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg
#修改
allowed_hosts=127.0.0.1,192.168.134.132
dont_blame_nrpe=1
command[check_sda1]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk-w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/sda1
command[check_sda3]=/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_disk-w 20% -c 10% -p /dev/sda3
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c/usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d #啟動(dòng)nrpe服務(wù)
上面選項(xiàng)的解釋
# -c <config_file> = Name of configfile to use
#-d = Run as a standalone daemon
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H127.0.0.1 #檢查本機(jī)check_nrpe和nrpe daemon通信是否正常
停止nrpe服務(wù)可以殺死它的pid
ps -aux|grep nrpe #查看pid
#把/usr/local/nagios/include下的文件讀入nagios.cfg
vim /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
#添加一行
cfg_dir=/usr/local/nagios/include
#定義check_nrpe
vim/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
#添加內(nèi)容
define command{
command_name check_nrpe
command_line $USER1$/check_nrpe-H $HOSTADDRESS$ -c $ARG1$
}
#監(jiān)控遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)
vim/usr/local/nagios/include/192.168.134.141.cfg
#添加內(nèi)容
define host{
use linux-server
host_name 192.168.134.141
alias 134.141
address 192.168.134.141
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 192.168.134.141
service_description check_ping
check_command check_ping!100.0,20%!200.0,50%
max_check_attempts 5
normal_check_interval 1
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 192.168.134.141
service_description check_ssh
check_command check_ssh
max_check_attempts 5 ;當(dāng)nagios檢測(cè)到問(wèn)題時(shí),一共嘗試檢測(cè)5次都有問(wèn)題才會(huì)告警,如果該數(shù)值為1,那么檢測(cè)到問(wèn)題立即告警
normal_check_interval 1 ;重新檢測(cè)的時(shí)間間隔,單位是分鐘,默認(rèn)是3分鐘
notification_interval 60;在服務(wù)出現(xiàn)異常后,故障一直沒(méi)有解決,nagios再次對(duì)使用者發(fā)出通知的時(shí)間。單位是分鐘。如果你認(rèn)為,所有的事件只需要一次通知就夠>了,可以把這里的選項(xiàng)設(shè)為0。
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 192.168.134.141
service_description check_http
check_command check_http
max_check_attempts 5
normal_check_interval 1
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 192.168.134.141
service_description check_load
check_command check_nrpe!check_load
max_check_attempts 5
normal_check_interval 1
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 192.168.134.141
service_description check_disk_sda1
check_command check_nrpe!check_sda1
max_check_attempts 5
normal_check_interval 1
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 192.168.134.141
service_description check_disk_sda3
check_command check_nrpe!check_sda3
max_check_attempts 5
normal_check_interval 1
}
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe -H 192.168.134.132 #檢查本機(jī)check_nrpe和遠(yuǎn)程機(jī)器的nrpedaemon通信是否正常
/etc/init.d/nagios restart
/etc/init.d/httpd restart
http://192.168.134.132/nagios/ #可以監(jiān)控遠(yuǎn)程機(jī)器的cpu,磁盤(pán)使用
實(shí)驗(yàn)在云主機(jī)測(cè)試成功
利用sendEmail發(fā)送郵件配置告警
利用sendEmail登陸一個(gè)郵箱,給別的郵箱發(fā)郵件,速度快,不延遲
服務(wù)端(119.29.186.209)
安裝sendEmail
cd /usr/local/src/
wgethttp://caspian.dotconf.net/menu/Software/SendEmail/sendEmail-v1.56.tar.gz
tar -zxvf sendEmail-v1.56.tar.gz
cd sendEmail-v1.56
cp sendEmail /usr/local/bin/
測(cè)試發(fā)送郵件(成功測(cè)試)
sendEmail -t 463245818@qq.com -f14718177839@163.com -s smtp.163.com -u "gaojing" -xu m14718177839@163.com -xp20190214fang -m zhunbe i
選項(xiàng)解釋?zhuān)?/p>
-t 表示接收者郵箱
-f 表示發(fā)送者郵箱
-s 表示SMTP服務(wù)器的域名或者ip
-u 表示郵件的主題
-xu 表示郵箱的用戶(hù)名
-xp 表示郵箱SMTP驗(yàn)證的密碼(這個(gè)不是163的登陸密碼,而是SMTP服務(wù)的密碼,也就是客戶(hù)端授權(quán)密碼)
-m 表示郵箱的內(nèi)容
-cc 表示抄送
-bcc 表示暗抄送
vim/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg
#修改notify-host-by-email和notify-service-by-email
# 'notify-host-by-email' command definition
define command{
command_name notify-host-by-email
command_line /usr/bin/printf"%b" "***** Nagios *****\n\nNotification Type:$NOTIFICATIONTYPE$\nHost: $HOSTNAME$\nState: $HOSTSTATE$\nAddress:$HOSTADDRESS$\nInfo: $HOSTOUTPUT$\n\nDate/Time: $LONGDATETIME$\n" |/usr/local/bin/sendEmail -f 14718177839@163.com -t $CONTACTEMAIL$ -ssmtp.163.com -l /var/log/sendEmail -xu m14718177839 -xp 20190214fang -u"** $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Host Alert: $HOSTNAME$ is $HOSTSTATE$ **" -m"`/usr/bin/printf "%b" "\n***** Nagios*****\n\nNotification Type: $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ \nHost: $HOSTNAME$\nState:$HOSTSTATE$\nAddress: $HOSTADDRESS$\nInfo: $HOSTOUTPUT$\nDate/Time:$LONGDATETIME$\n"`"
}
# 'notify-service-by-email' commanddefinition
define command{
command_name notify-service-by-email
command_line /usr/bin/printf"%b" "***** Nagios *****\n\nNotification Type:$NOTIFICATIONTYPE$\n\nService: $SERVICEDESC$\nHost: $HOSTALIAS$\nAddress:$HOSTADDRESS$\nState: $SERVICESTATE$\n\nDate/Time: $LONGDATETIME$\n\nAdditionalInfo:\n\n$SERVICEOUTPUT$\n" | /usr/local/bin/sendEmail -f14718177839@163.com -t $CONTACTEMAIL$ -s smtp.163.com -l /var/log/sendEmail -xum14718177839 -xp 20190214fang -u "** $NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ Service Alert:$SERVICEDESC$ is $SERVICESTATE$ **" -m "`/usr/bin/printf"%b" "\n***** Nagios *****\n\nNotification Type:$NOTIFICATIONTYPE$ \nService: $SERVICEDESC$\nHost: $HOSTNAME$\nState:$SERVICESTATE$\nAddress:$HOSTADDRESS$\nInfo:$SERVICEOUTPUT$\nDate/Time:$LONGDATETIME$\n"`"
}
vim/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
define contact{
contact_name da
use generic-contact
alias da
# service_notification_period 24x7
# host_notification_period 24x7
# service_notification_options w,u,c
# host_notification_options d,u
# service_notification_commands notify-service-by-email
# host_notification_commands notify-host-by-email
email 463245818@qq.com
}
define contact{
contact_name fang
use generic-contact
alias fang
email 237600604@qq.com
}
define contactgroup{
contactgroup_name ops
alias ops
members da,fang
}
vim /usr/local/nagios/include/xiaojun.cfg
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 115.28.76.154
service_description check_ssh
check_command check_ssh
max_check_attempts 5 ;當(dāng)nagios檢測(cè)到問(wèn)題時(shí),一共嘗試檢測(cè)5次都有問(wèn)題才會(huì)告警,如果該數(shù)值為1,那么檢測(cè)到問(wèn)題立即告警
normal_check_interval 1 ;重新檢測(cè)的時(shí)間間隔,單位是分鐘,默認(rèn)是3分鐘
notification_interval 60;在服務(wù)出現(xiàn)異常后,故障一直沒(méi)有解決,nagios再次對(duì)使用者發(fā)出通知的時(shí)間。單位是分鐘。如果你認(rèn)為,所有的事件只需要一次通知就夠>了,可以把這里的選項(xiàng)設(shè)為0。
}
define service{
use generic-service
host_name 115.28.76.154
service_description check_http
check_command check_http
max_check_attempts 1
normal_check_interval 1
notification_interval 1
contact_groups ops
notifications_enabled 1
notification_period 24x7
notification_options w,u,c,r
}
#其中
notifications_enabled 1 ;是否開(kāi)啟提醒功能。1為開(kāi)啟,0為禁用。一般,這個(gè)選項(xiàng)會(huì)在主配置文件(nagios.cfg)中定義,效果相同。
notification_period 24x7 ;發(fā)送提醒的時(shí)間段。非常重要的主機(jī)(服務(wù))我定義為7×24,一般的主機(jī)(服務(wù))就定義為上班時(shí)間。如果不在定義的時(shí)間段內(nèi),無(wú)論什么問(wèn)題發(fā)生,都不>會(huì)發(fā)送提醒。
notification_options:w,u,c,r ;這個(gè)是service的狀態(tài)。w為waning, u為unknown, c為critical, r為recover(恢復(fù)了),類(lèi)似的還有一個(gè) host對(duì)應(yīng)的狀態(tài):d,u,r d = 狀態(tài)為DOWN, u = 狀態(tài)為UNREACHABLE, r = 狀態(tài)恢復(fù)為OK,需要加入到host的定義配置里。
標(biāo)題名稱(chēng):nagios配置安裝
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